Optimization of diesel engine characteristics using p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst-based biodiesel from waste chicken fat oil

Optimization of diesel engine characteristics using p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst-based biodiesel from waste chicken fat oil

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Amidst rising global demand for sustainable energy substitutes and the complex hindrances connected with a full-scale shift to new technologies, internal combustion engines (ICEs) using biofuels like biodiesel are progressively acquiring a vital role.However, an immediate global focus is required for cost-effective and echo-friendly biodiesel production.The issues linked with the operating parameters of these ICEs mandate methodical optimization.

The study utilized microbubble-mediated esterification with p-toluene sulfonic acid, achieving 89.9 % biodiesel conversion from waste chicken fat in 30 min.Waste chicken fat biodiesel (WCFB) met ASTM D6751 and EN-14214 5326058hx standards, demonstrating its potential as an alternative fuel.

A single-cylinder, direct-ignition engine was tested with WCFB blends (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %) to assess performance and emissions in comparison to diesel fuel.Using response surface methodology, optimized conditions (14.2 %WCFB and 1845 rpm) resulted in a 5.

6 % increase in torque, 8.9 % more brake power, and a 7.7 % improvement in brake thermal efficiency, along with a 15.

9 % reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption.Carbon monoxide emissions decreased by 4.6 %, while exhaust gas temperature and NOx emissions increased by 10.

9 % and 4 %, respectively.This study aligns with multiple sustainable development grandpas best goals, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient future for the planet.